Abstract

Tanguar Haor is a vital wetland in northeastern Bangladesh that supports boro rice farming and commercial fisheries. Yet local employment remains highly vulnerable to hydrological and climate extremes. This study examines employment patterns among residents, focusing on available opportunities, seasonal challenges, and future prospects. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining a household survey of 234 household heads with key informant interviews, focus groups, and field observations. Results indicate that agriculture and fishing are the primary occupations, and most household heads, who are sole earners, work in low-paying, informal jobs. Seasonal unemployment and underemployment are widespread, especially during extended flooding, and limited education and skills hinder transitions to diversified or non-farm jobs. Households report low savings, heavy reliance on natural resources, and frequent losses from floods, storms, and disasters, which deepen livelihood insecurity. Despite these challenges, respondents see potential for employment diversification through local resources, including ecotourism, livestock and duck farming, fish processing, and heritage crafts—if policy support, infrastructure, and risk-reduction initiatives are improved. The study highlights the importance of tailored, integrated interventions that promote livelihood diversification, climate-resilient resource management, and better connectivity to strengthen employment stability in Tanguar Haor.